Crisis over the Berlin Wall and the Bay of Pigs

Two weeks before JFK took office, Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba due to the revolutionary leader named Fidel Castro who was a declared Communist and welcomed help from the Soviet Union. In March 1960, Eisenhower allowed to CIA to secretly train Cuban exiles to create a rebellion to overthrow Castro. Kennedy although doubting the outcome, allowed the operation to continue. On April 17, 1961, 1500 Cuban exiles with the help of the United States military landed on Cubas southern coast called the Bay of Pigs. The main commando unit landed and faced 25,000 Cuban troops supported by Soviet tanks and jet aircraft. Some of the Cuban exiles were killed and the others were taken prisoner. The entire operation was a complete disaster and looked bad upon the Kennedy administration. Kennedy soon after admitted the whole thing to be his fault to the media and gained trust by the U.S. citizens.

After WWII, the city of Berlin was split into four sections then eventually into two, West Berlin and East Berlin. East Berlin was under Communist control by the Soviets whereas West Berlin was under Democratic control by the United States, France, and the UK. In the 11 years since the Berlin Airlift, 3 million East Germans crossed the border into West Berlin in order to escape Communism. Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union threatened Kennedy in a summit meeting in Vienna, Austria, to close all roads to West Berlin from the east. During this time, the US and the Soviet Union were under great stress and were at the brink of a nuclear war. Khrushchev, on August 13, 1961 started to create the Berlin Wall which separated West Germany and West Berlin from the east. This construction ended the crisis but aggravated even further Cold War tensions. The US and Soviet Union eventually signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty which prevented nuclear testing in the atmosphere and the crisis died down.